The motor driver chip is a chip that integrates CMOS control circuits and DMOS power devices. It can be used to form a complete motion control system with the main processor, motor and incremental encoder. It can be used to drive inductive loads such as DC motors, stepper motors and relays.
1. Working principle of motor driver chip:
It is usually composed of a control unit and a power drive unit. The control unit is responsible for receiving and processing signals from the controller and generating drive signals according to the control algorithm. The power drive unit converts the control signal into a current or voltage signal to drive the motor to move.
2. Function of motor driver chip:
The main function of the motor driver chip is to control and adjust the rotation and speed of the motor. It can convert the input weak current signal into a strong enough signal to drive external devices such as motors or electronic devices. Because it integrates functions such as amplifiers, current detection, and speed control protection circuits, the drive and control of the motor are more efficient and accurate.
Specifically, the motor driver chip can achieve the following functions:
① High integration: By integrating CMOS control circuits and DMOS power devices, the use of external components is reduced, and circuit design and layout are simplified
② High performance: Provide high-precision and high-efficiency motor control, with good response speed and dynamic performance
③ Low power consumption: Use advanced power management technology to effectively reduce power consumption and extend battery life
④ Multiple protection functions: With multiple protection functions such as overcurrent, overtemperature, overvoltage, and low voltage, to protect the safety of the motor and the chip itself
⑤ Control and regulation: According to the signal of the host or controller, it is converted into the signal required by the peripheral or sensor to realize the control and regulation of the device
⑥ Optimize hardware performance : Adjust and optimize according to the different characteristics of peripherals or sensors to provide hardware performance and usage effects
⑦ Enhance system stability: Provide various protection and restriction functions to ensure system stability and reliability
⑧ Reduce the complexity of peripherals or sensors: Replace the complex control functions of peripherals or sensors themselves to make them simpler and more power-saving
⑨ Speed up the development cycle: Using on-site driver chips can save a lot of development and testing time and shorten the time to market for products
3. Application of motor driver chips
① Automotive electronics: Used for automotive generators, electric seat motors, etc., which require precise and reliable control to ensure the normal operation of the automotive system, such as controlling electric devices such as window lifting, seat adjustment, and door locks. And used to drive motors such as cooling fans and fuel pumps in cars
②Industrial control: Motor driver chips are an indispensable part of the field of industrial automation, used to drive and control motors in various automated equipment, such as robots and conveyor belts on production lines
③Smart home: Drive motors to realize various functions in smart devices such as curtain control, smart door locks, and sweeping robots
④Consumer electronics: In consumer electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and game consoles, motor driver chips are used to drive vibration motors and provide tactile feedback
⑤Medical equipment: Provide precise and reliable power control in surgical robots, rehabilitation equipment, medical imaging and other equipment
⑥New energy power generation: Motor driver chips are used in this field to control motors in equipment such as wind turbines and solar tracking systems to improve energy conversion efficiency
⑦Transportation: Used to drive and control motors in electric vehicles, electric bicycles, rail transit and other transportation vehicles
⑧Household electronics: widely used in washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners and other equipment to control the operation of motors such as fans and compressors
⑨Power tools: provide stable power output and precise control for power tools such as electric drills, electric saws, and electric screwdrivers
⑩Security monitoring: control the rotation of the lens, store opening, etc. in cameras and access control systems
⑪UAV: control the propeller motor of the drone to achieve take-off, landing, hovering and flight of the drone
4. Development trend of motor driver chips:
Possible development trends in the future can be summarized as follows:
①Market size growth:
The global motor driver chip market size is expected to grow from US$3.88 billion in 2021 to US$5.59 billion in 2028, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.3%. This shows that its market will maintain a steady growth trend
②Hardware integration:
High integration is an important development direction for motor driver chips. Device integration can shorten design time, simplify procurement process and save costs, while ensuring that the motor system is more reliable and efficient.
Motor driver chips will develop in a smaller and more integrated direction to meet the needs of increasingly miniaturized equipment.
③ Software supporting algorithm upgrade:
The continuous optimization and upgrading of mainstream motor control algorithms will improve the performance and efficiency of motor driver chips. High-precision and high-efficiency control algorithms such as FOC (vector control) will be more widely used.
④ Intelligent development:
With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, motor driver chips will gradually become intelligent. Intelligent motor driver chips can achieve precise control and detection of motors, improve the stability and efficiency of equipment operation.
Intelligent driver chips will be able to dynamically adjust the drive current according to the motor's load, and improve the efficiency and life of the motor.
⑤ Application field expansion:
The application scope of motor driver chips continues to expand, including home appliances, automobiles, robots and other fields. In particular, with the rise of emerging industries such as electric vehicles and drones, the demand for motor driver chips will continue to increase.
⑥ High performance, safety and reliability:
Motor driver chips need to have higher control accuracy, lower power consumption and faster response speed. At the same time, safety and reliability are also important directions for future development, especially in key application fields such as medical and aerospace. As the core component of modern motor control systems, the importance of motor driver chips is self-evident. With the continuous development of technology, the performance and functions of motor driver chips are also constantly improving, providing more reliable and efficient solutions for motor applications in various industries.
